Which of the following is an example of a learner-centered activity in ESP?

Learner-centered activities are designed to prioritize the needs, interests, and learning styles of the students, promoting their active participation and engagement in the learning process. Role-plays simulating professional interactions are exemplary of this approach because they enable learners to immerse themselves in realistic scenarios related to their specific fields, allowing them to practice communication and critical thinking in a context that mirrors their future professional environment.

Through role-playing, students actively engage with the material, collaborate with peers, and receive immediate feedback on their performance, fostering a more meaningful and personalized learning experience. The interactive nature of role-plays encourages learners to draw upon their personal experiences and skills, enhancing their motivation and investment in the learning process.

In contrast, the other options focus more on traditional teaching methods where the instructor often directs the flow of information without much engagement from the students. For example, lectures on grammar tend to be instructor-centered, delivering information without much opportunity for student interaction. Standardized tests assess knowledge in a uniform manner but do not facilitate active participation or tailored learning experiences, and listening exercises with monologues are typically passive, as they require learners to listen without interaction or practice in applying what they've heard.