What is a common teaching methodology used in ESP?

The correct choice identifies content-based instruction as the common teaching methodology used in English for Specific Purposes (ESP). This approach effectively combines language learning with subject matter expertise, which is essential in ESP contexts. In ESP, learners typically have specific language needs related to their fields of study or professional practice, such as medical English, business English, or technical English.

Content-based instruction allows educators to tailor lessons that not only teach linguistic skills but also immerse students in relevant content, ensuring that the language they learn is contextualized and immediately applicable to their professional or academic pursuits. This integration of language and subject matter enhances motivation and comprehension, as learners can see the practical value of their studies.

The other methodologies listed, while useful in general language teaching, do not align as closely with the specific goals and contexts of ESP. For example, the Grammar-Translation Method is focused on formal language structures often at the expense of communicative competence, which may not meet the urgent needs of ESP students. Task-based language teaching emphasizes using language through specific tasks but may not always effectively tie in content relevant to the learners' specific fields. The Direct Method prioritizes immersion and speaking but may not adequately address specialized terminology or concepts that are significant in ESP contexts.