What do learning outcomes in ESP programs define?

Learning outcomes in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programs are crucial as they articulate what learners should achieve by the conclusion of the course. These outcomes provide a clear framework for both instructors and students, outlining the specific knowledge and skills that are expected to be gained. Establishing these learning outcomes helps ensure that the course is tailored to meet the unique needs of learners, often based on their professional or academic goals.

The choice that focuses on grammar structures, teaching techniques, or evaluation methods does not encompass the broad scope of skills and knowledge that learning outcomes aim to define. Instead, those elements may support the overall educational process but do not directly reflect the end goals of learner achievement in the context of an ESP program. Learning outcomes are fundamentally about establishing clear objectives that guide the course content and assessment, making the selected answer the most accurate representation of what learning outcomes are intended to convey.